U.S. Anti-terrorism Laws

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U.S. ANTI-TERRORISM LAWS
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Federal Legislation | Executive Orders, Decisions... | Regulations | State Laws
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Pending Legislation
[passed by House or Senate, but not yet signed into law]

Terrorism Risk Protection Act - H.R. 3210 [passed in House, November 29/01]
- summary and background
Financial Anti-Terrorism Act of 2001 - H.R. 3004 [under consideration in Senate; passed in House, October 17/01]
- summary and background
for additional legislative proposals, see:
- Legislation Related to the Attack of September 11, 2001 [Bills and Resolutions under consideration] (THOMAS)
- Legislative Update (ANSER Institute for Homeland Security)
Recent Legislation [signed into law]
Airport and Transportation Security Act of 2001 - S. 1447 (signed into law November 19/01)
- summary and background
USA PATRIOT Act of 2001 - H.R. 3162 [Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism] (signed into law October 26/01; also in PDF as printed)
- section-by-section analysis (Senator Patrick Leahy, Senate Judiciary Committee Chairman)
- statement by Senator Patrick Leahy, Senate Judiciary Committee Chairman (Oct. 25/01)
- statement by Senator Russ Feingold (Oct 25/01; only Senator voting against)
- statement by Senator Orrin Hatch, Senate Judiciary Committee Ranking Member (Oct. 25/01)
- Protecting Constitutional Freedoms in the Face of Terrorism (testimony before the Senate Judiciary Committee Subcommittee on the Constitution, Federalism & Property Rights, October 3/01)
- U.S. Attorney-General John Ashcroft's written testimony before the Senate Judiciary Committee (September 25/01; video via C-SPAN)
- U.S. Attorney-General John Ashcroft's written testimony on anti-terrorism legislation before the House Judiciary Committee (September 24/01; video from C-SPAN)
Authorization for the Use of Military Force (Congressional Joint Resolution, September 14/01)
- Legal Aspects of the Use of Military Force (PDF; Congressional Research Service, September 13/01)
Legislation Related to the Attack of September 11, 2001 [other signed Bills and approved Resolutions] (THOMAS)
Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996
- summary of key provisions (U.S. Department of State)
U.S. Code [direct links to key provisions]
Air Commerce and Safety - Security - Title 49, Subtitle VII, Part A, Subpart III, Chapter 449
- § 44901. Screening passengers and property.
- § 44902. Refusal to transport passengers and property.
- § 44903. Air transportation security.
- § 44904. Domestic air transportation system security.
- § 44905. Information about threats to civil aviation.
- § 44906. Foreign air carrier security programs.
- § 44908. Travel advisory and suspension of foreign assistance.
- § 44909. Passenger manifests.
- § 44910. Agreements on aircraft sabotage, aircraft hijacking, and airport security.
Aircraft and Motor Vehicle Crimes - Title 18, Part I, Chapter 2
- § 32. Destruction of aircraft or aircraft facilities.
- § 33. Destruction of motor vehicles or motor vehicle facilities.
- § 34. Penalty when death results.
- § 35. Imparting or conveying false information.
- § 37. Violence at international airports.
Biological Weapons - Title 18, Part I, Chapter 10
- § 175. Prohibitions with respect to biological weapons.
- § 175a. Requests for military assistance to enforce prohibition in certain emergencies.
- § 176. Seizure, forfeiture, and destruction.
- § 177. Injunctions.
- § 178. Definitions
Chemical Weapons - Title 18, Part I, Chapter 11B
- § 229. Prohibited activities.
- § 229A. Penalties.
- § 229B. Criminal forfeitures; destruction of weapons.
- § 229C. Individual self-defense devices.
- § 229D. Injunctions.
- § 229E. Requests for military assistance to enforce prohibition in certain emergencies.
- § 229F. Definitions.
Civil Disorders - Title 18, Part I, Chapter 12
- § 231. Civil disorders.
- § 232. Definitions.
- § 233. Preemption.
Defense Against Weapons of Mass Destruction - Title 50, Chapter 40
- § 2302. Definitions.
- § 2311. Response to threats of terrorist use of weapons of mass
- § 2312. Emergency response assistance program.
- § 2313. Nuclear, chemical, and biological emergency response.
- § 2314. Chemical-biological emergency response team.
- § 2315. Testing of preparedness for emergencies involving nuclear, radiological, chemical, and biological weapons.
- § 2316. Actions to increase civilian expertise.
- § 2317. Rapid response information system.
- § 2331. Procurement of detection equipment for United States border security.
- § 2332. Sense of Congress concerning criminal penalties.
- § 2333. International border security.
- § 2353. Comprehensive preparedness program.
Disaster Relief - Title 42, Chapter 68
- § 5122. Definitions.
- § 5131. Federal and State disaster preparedness programs.
- § 5132. Disaster warnings.
- § 5144. Emergency support teams.
- § 5149. Performance of services.
- § 5151. Nondiscrimination in disaster assistance.
- § 5152. Use and coordination of relief organizations.
- § 5154. Insurance.
- § 5170. Procedure for declaration.
- § 5170a. General Federal assistance.
- § 5170b. Essential assistance.
- § 5170c. Hazard mitigation.
- § 5171. Federal facilities.
- § 5172. Repair, restoration, and replacement of damaged facilities.
- § 5173. Debris removal.
- § 5174. Temporary housing assistance.
- § 5176. Minimum standards for public and private structures.
- § 5177. Unemployment assistance.
- § 5178. Individual and family grant programs.
- § 5179. Food coupons and distribution.
- § 5180. Food commodities.
- § 5181. Relocation assistance.
- § 5182. Legal services.
- § 5183. Crisis counseling assistance and training.
- § 5184. Community disaster loans.
- § 5185. Emergency communications.
- § 5186. Emergency public transportation.
- § 5187. Fire suppression grants.
- § 5189. Simplified procedure.
- § 5189a. Appeals of assistance decisions.
- § 5189b. Date of eligibility; expenses incurred before date of disaster.
- § 5196. Detailed functions of administration.
- § 5196a. Mutual aid pacts between States and neighboring countries.
- § 5196b. Contributions for personnel and administrative expenses.
- § 5196d. Use of funds to prepare for and respond to hazards.
- § 5196e. Radiological Emergency Preparedness Fund.
Foreign Intelligence Surveillance - Title 50, Chapter 36
- § 1801. Definitions.
- § 1802. Electronic surveillance authorization without court order; certification by Attorney General; reports to Congressional committees; transmittal under seal; duties and compensation of communication common carrier; applications; jurisdiction of court.
- § 1803. Designation of judges.
- § 1804. Applications for court orders.
- § 1805. Issuance or order.
- § 1806. Use of information.
- § 1809. Criminal sanctions.
- § 1810. Civil liability.
- § 1811. Authorization during time of war.
- § 1822. Authorization of physical searches for foreign intelligence purposes.
- § 1823. Application for order.
- § 1824. Issuance of order.
- § 1825. Use of information.
- § 1827. Penalties.
- § 1828. Civil liability.
- § 1829. Authorization during time of war.
- § 1842. Pen registers and trap and trace devices for foreign intelligence and international terrorism investigations.
- § 1843. Authorization during emergencies.
- § 1844. Authorization during time of war.
- § 1845. Use of information.
- § 1862. Access to certain business records for foreign intelligence and international terrorism investigations.
International Emergency Economic Powers - Title 50, Chapter 35
- § 1701. Unusual and extraordinary threat; declaration of national emergency; exercise of Presidential authorities.
- § 1702. Presidential authorities.
- § 1703. Consultation and reports.
- § 1704. Authority to issue regulations.
- § 1705. Penalties.
- § 1706. Savings provisions.
- § 1707. Multinational economic embargoes against governments in armed conflict with the United States.
National Emergencies - Title 50, Chapter 34
- § 1601. Termination of existing declared emergencies.
- § 1621. Declaration of national emergency by President; publication in Federal Register; effect on other laws; superseding legislation.
- § 1622. National emergencies.
- § 1631. Declaration of national emergency by Executive order; authority; publication in Federal Register; transmittal to Congress.
- § 1641. Accountability and reporting requirements of President.
- § 1651. Other laws, powers and authorities conferred thereby, and actions taken thereunder; Congressional studies.
Quarantine and Inspection - Title 42, Chapter 6A, Subchapter II, Part G
- § 264. Regulations to control communicable diseases.
- § 265. Suspension of entries and imports from designated places to prevent spread of communicable diseases.
- § 266. Special quarantine powers in time of war.
- § 267. Quarantine stations, grounds, and anchorages.
- § 268. Quarantine duties of consular and other officers.
- § 269. Bills of health.
- § 270. Quarantine regulations governing civil air navigation and civil aircraft.
- § 271. Penalties for violation of quarantine laws.
Rewards for Information Concerning Terrorist Acts and Espionage - Title 18, Part II, Chapter 204
- § 3071. Information for which rewards authorized.
- § 3072. Determination of entitlement; maximum amount; Presidential approval; conclusiveness.
- § 3073. Protection of identity.
- § 3074. Exception of governmental officials.
- § 3075. Authorization for appropriations.
- § 3076. Eligibility for witness security program.
- § 3077. Definitions.
Sabotage - Title 18, Part I, Chapter 105
- § 2151. Definitions.
- § 2152. Fortifications, harbor defenses, or defensive sea areas.
- § 2153. Destruction of war material, war premises or war utilities.
- § 2154. Production of defective war material, war premises or war utilities.
- § 2155. Destruction of national-defense materials, national-defense premises, or national-defense utilities.
- § 2156. Production of defective national-defense material, national-defense premises, or national-defense utilities.
Stored Wire and Electronic Communications and Transactional Records Access - Title 18, Part I, Chapter 121
- § 2701. Unlawful access to stored communications.
- § 2702. Disclosure of contents.
- § 2703. Requirements for governmental access.
- § 2704. Backup preservation.
- § 2705. Delayed notice.
- § 2706. Cost reimbursement.
- § 2707. Civil action.
- § 2708. Exclusivity of remedies.
- § 2709. Counterintelligence access to telephone toll and transactional records.
- § 2711. Definitions for chapter.
Terrorism - Title 18, Part I, Chapter 113B
- § 2331. Definitions.
- § 2332. Criminal penalties.
- § 2332a. Use of weapons of mass destruction. ^[1]
- § 2332b. Acts of terrorism transcending national boundaries.
- § 2332d. Financial transactions.
- § 2332e. Requests for military assistance to enforce prohibition in certain emergencies.
- § 2333. Civil remedies.
- § 2334. Jurisdiction and venue.
- § 2335. Limitation of actions.
- § 2336. Other limitations.
- § 2337. Suits against Government officials.
- § 2338. Exclusive Federal jurisdiction.
- § 2339A. Providing material support to terrorists.
- § 2339B. Providing material support or resources to designated foreign terrorist organizations.
War and National Defense - Title 50
War Powers Resolution - Title 50, Chapter 33
- § 1541. Purpose and policy.
- § 1542. Consultation; initial and regular consultations.
- § 1543. Reporting requirement.
- § 1544. Congressional action.
- § 1545. Congressional priority procedures for joint resolution or bill.
- § 1546. Congressional priority procedures for concurrent resolution.
- § 1546a. Expedited procedures for certain joint resolutions and bills.
- § 1547. Interpretation of joint resolution.
- § 1548. Separability.
Wire and Electronic Communications Interception and Interception of Oral Communications - Title 18, Part I, Chapter 119
- § 2510. Definitions.
- § 2511. Interception and disclosure of wire, oral, or electronic communications prohibited.
- § 2512. Manufacture, distribution, possession, and advertising of wire, oral, or electronic communication intercepting devices prohibited.
- § 2513. Confiscation of wire, oral, or electronic communication intercepting devices.
- § 2515. Prohibition of use as evidence of intercepted wire or oral communications.
- § 2516. Authorization for interception of wire, oral, or electronic communications.
- § 2517. Authorization for disclosure and use of intercepted wire, oral, or electronic communications.
- § 2518. Procedure for interception of wire, oral, or electronic communications.
- § 2519. Reports concerning intercepted wire, oral, or electronic communications.
- § 2520. Recovery of civil damages authorized.
- § 2521. Injunction against illegal interception.
- § 2522. Enforcement of the Communications Assistance for Law Enforcement Act.

Executive Orders, Decisions, Declarations

Military Order on Detention, Treatment, and Trial of Certain Non-Citizens in the War Against Terrorism (George W. Bush, November 13/01)
Executive Order on Citizen Preparedness in War on Terrorism (George W. Bush, November 9/01)
Homeland Security Presidential Directive 2: Combating Terrorism Through Immigration Policies (George W. Bush, October 29/01)
- explanatory fact sheet
Homeland Security Presidential Directive 1: Organization and Operation of the Homeland Security Council (George W. Bush, October 29/01)
- explanatory fact sheet
Executive Order Establishing Office of Homeland Security (George W. Bush, October 8/01)
- summary
Executive Order Blocking Property and Prohibiting Transactions With Persons Who Commit, Threaten to Commit, or Support Terrorism (George W. Bush, September 23/01)
- explanatory press release
Executive Order Calling Reserves of Armed Forces to Active Duty (George W. Bush, September 14/01)
Declaration of National Emergency (George W. Bush, September 14/01)
- National Emergency Powers (PDF; Congressional Research Service background paper, September 18/01)
National Security Presidential Directive 1 - Organization of the National Security Council (George W. Bush, February 13/01)
Presidential Decision Directive 63 - Critical Infrastructure Protection (William Jefferson Clinton, May 22/98)
Presidential Decision Directive 62 - Combatting Terrorism (William Jefferson Clinton, May 22/98)
Executive Order Blocking Property and Prohibiting Transactions with the Taliban (William Jefferson Clinton, July 4/99)
Executive Order Prohibiting Transactions with Terrorists Who Threaten to Disrupt the Middle East Peace Process (William Jefferson Clinton, August 30/98) [includes Usama Bin Laden and Al Qaida; PDF]
Executive Order on Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction (William Jefferson Clinton, July 30/98) [PDF]
Presidential Decision Directive 39 - U.S. Policy on Counterterrorism (William Jefferson Clinton, June 21/95)
Executive Order Prohibiting Transactions with Terrorists Who Threaten to Disrupt the Middle East Peace Process (William Jefferson Clinton, January 24/95)
National Security Decision Directive 207 - The National Program for Combatting Terrorism (Ronald Reagan, January 20/86) [PDF]
National Security Decision Directive 180 - Civilian Aviation Anti-Terrorism Program (Ronald Reagan, July 20/85) [PDF]
National Security Decision Directive 138 - Combatting Terrorism (Ronald Reagan, April 3/84) [unclassified extract; PDF]
National Security Decision Directive 1 - Managing Terrorist Incidents (Ronald Reagan, April 10/82) [PDF]

Regulations

Continued Detention of Aliens Subject to Final Orders of Removal [Immigration and Naturalization Service; interim rule, Nov. 14/01 - adds new provisions to govern determinations by the Immigration and Naturalization Service as to whether there is a significant likelihood that an alien will be removed from the United States in the reasonably foreseeable future, and whether there are special circumstances - including terrorist activity - justifying the continued detention of certain aliens]
National Security; Prevention of Acts of Violence and Terrorism [Department of Justice, Bureau of Prisons; interim rule, Oct. 31/01 - permits monitoring of communications with attorneys to deter acts of terrorism]
Aircraft Security Under General Operating and Flight Rules [Department of Transportation, Federal Aviation Administration; final rule, Oct. 04/01 - requires certain aircraft operators to search aircraft and screen passengers, crewmembers, and other persons, and their accessible property prior to departure]

State Laws

State Legislation Addressing Terrorism (National Conference of State Legislatures)
Michigan
- An act to revise, consolidate, codify and add to the statutes relating to crimes [amended]
New Jersey
- Domestic Security Preparedness Act
New York
- Anti-Terrorism Act of 2001

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