 ROMANIA |
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Constitution, Government & Legislation | Courts & Judgments | Legal Profession | Law Schools | Other
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Constitution, Government & Legislation
- Romanian Constitution
- Government of Romania
- Administration of the President of Romania
- Senate
- Chamber of Deputies
- People's Advocate
- SUPERLEX Legal Database (Ministry of Justice; in Romanian)
- DSCLex Legislative Database (in Romanian; registration required)
- Romanian Legislation (in Romanian; includes Civil Code)
Romania's 1991 constitution proclaims Romania a democracy and market economy, in which human dignity, civic rights and freedoms, the unhindered development of human personality, justice, and political pluralism are supreme and guaranteed values. The constitution directs the state to implement free trade, protect the principle of competition, and provide a favorable framework for production. The constitution provides for a President, a Parliament, a Constitutional Court and a separate system of lower courts that includes a Supreme Court.
The two-chamber Parliament, consisting of the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate, is the law-making authority. Deputies and senators are elected for 4-year terms by universal suffrage.
The president is elected by popular vote for a maximum of two 4-year terms. He is the Chief of State, charged with safeguarding the constitution, foreign affairs, and the proper functioning of public authorities. He is supreme commander of the armed forces and chairman of the Supreme Defense Council. According to the constitution, he acts as mediator among the power centers within the state, as well as between the state and society. The president nominates the prime minister, who in turn appoints the government, which must be confirmed by a vote of confidence from Parliament.
Source: U.S. Department of State
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Courts & Judgments
The Romanian legal system is based on the Napoleonic Code. The judiciary is to be independent, and judges appointed by the president are not removable. The president and other judges of the Supreme Court are appointed for a term of 6 years and may serve consecutive terms. Proceedings are public, except in special circumstances provided for by law.
The Constitutional Court adjudicates the constitutionality of challenged laws, and decides on appeals from the regular court system concerning the unconstitutionality of laws and decrees. The court consists of nine judges, appointed for a term of 9 years. Three judges are appointed by the Chamber of Deputies, three by the Senate, and three by the president of Romania.
Source: U.S. Department of State
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Legal Profession
- Romania Law Firms (Martindale-Hubbell)
A Romanian lawyer is an "avocat." There are no private law firms in Romania; every avocat works in an avocat's office, and a group of from two to six such offices forms a barou (from the French barreau). There are in all about 4,500 advocates, grouped in 41 barous (one for each district and one for the city of Bucharest), which form, together, Uniunea Avocatilor din Romania (The Advocates' Union of Romania). Candidates for the bar must obtain an approved law degree; the course lasts four years. Graduates must then complete two years of supervised practical training leading to a Bar Examination. Applicants are then fully qualified.
Source: Kime's Directory
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Law Schools
- Al I. Cuza University of IASI
- Babes-Bolyai University
- Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu
- University of Bucharest (in Romanian)
Other
- Doing Legal Research in Romania (LLRX.com)
